May 07, 2019 hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation by a tapeworm of the genus echinococcus. Reliable serodiagnosis of imported cystic echinococcosis. The seroprevalence rate of hd in areas of elevated risk in jordan has not previously been investigated using indirect haemagglutination iha testing. Iha test, which is one of the serological diagnostic tests, aims to search for specific antie. Echinococcosis, a severe zoonotic disease that may be fatal if untreated 2. An indirect hemagglutination test for hydatid disease the journal. Diagnosis of echinococcosis can also be done through serologic tests, including immunoblot, indirect hemagglutination test iha, and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay elisa. Comparison of the indirect hemagglutination, intradermal, and complement fixation tests in hydatid disease, and observations on the fertility of hydatid cysts in humans. Many of these immunodiagnostic tests have been used. The sensitivity of cassonis test is 96% in liver, 90% in lung, and only 77% in orbital involvement.
The adsorption of proteins on erythrocytes treated with tannic acid and subsequent hemagglutination by antiprotein sera. Therefore hemagglutination is inhibited when antibodies are present. On the other hand, the most commonly carried out serological test for diagnosis of hydatid disease was indirect hemagglutination test in our clinic. Hemagglutination uses erythrocytes as the biological carriers of bacterial antigens, and. Clinical examinations, indirect hemagglutination tests, hydatid skin test reactions, and observation of cultural practices were used in an attempt to determine the geographic, demographic, and human behavioral parameters of the disease in this focus. Furthermore, it is easier to run than the complement fixation test and is less expensive.
Hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition test. The commercial cellognost echinococcosis behring diagnostics. Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation by a tapeworm of the genus echinococcus. Dec 17, 20 an indirect hemagglutination test for hydatid disease. Agglutination of red blood cells is called hemagglutination. Combined treatment of primary hydatid disease of the. After incubation, the degree of agglutination is determined.
Eosinophilia is found in 25% of patients and weinberg complement fixation test cft may be positive and diagnostic with clinical findings 6. The indirect hemagglutination test for amebiasis in. The solid button of settled red blood cells in wells 16 to 23 are negative reactions. Pdf introduction of an indirect haemagglutination test. Indirect hemagglutination test for serodiagnosis of hydatidosis. Djanianan indirect hemagglutination test for hydatid disease. Jan 02, 2020 rbcs are used as carrier particles in hemagglutination tests.
May 21, 2016 elisa or indirect hemagglutination tests are usually performed at 3, 6, 12, and 24month intervals as screening for recurrence of resected disease or aggravation of existing disease. One common assay that uses hemagglutination is the direct coombs test, also called the direct antihuman globulin test dat, which generally looks for nonagglutinating antibodies. The chart showing pdf series, word series, html series, scan qr codes. Mesenteric cyst, duplication cyst, and hydatid cyst were the differential diagnosis. Indirect agglutination definition of indirect agglutination. Human cystic echinococcosis ce is a zoonosis caused by the larval stage of the. Introduction of an indirect haemagglutination test as a rapid diagnostic method in comparison with elisa using antigen b for diagnosis of human hydatid disease.
Jan 15, 2020 aug 30, 2015 with the following standardized techniques. The sensitivity of iha in calcified or lung lesions is 60%, and 88% in peritoneal or liver disease, with a specificity of 9095% 12. Of the parasites which infest man, echinococcus granulosus has been rightfully called the most dramatic actor. Evaluation of two elisa and two indirect hemagglutination tests. Evaluation of two elisa and two indirect hemagglutination.
The test can also detect complement attached to red blood cells. Plain xray of the abdomen revealed classical curvilinear calcification in only one patient with a hydatid cyst in the pancreatic body figure 1. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ct findings and mri signal characteristics of pulmonary hydatid cysts. A hyperendemic focus of hydatid disease echinococcus granulosus was found in southwestern ethiopia. Apr 01, 2007 read reliable serodiagnosis of imported cystic echinococcosis with a commercial indirect hemagglutination assay, diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. The hemagglutination assay or haemagglutination assay ha and the hemagglutination inhibition assay hi or hai were developed in 194142 by american virologist george hirst as methods for quantifying the relative concentration of viruses, bacteria, or antibodies. Laparoscopic treatment of primary hydatid cyst of omentum. Reliability of iha test as a diagnostic tool of some. The indirect hemagglutination iha test results were retrospectively. To establish a definite diagnosis for pulmonary hydatid disease, combination of radiology and serology is useful.
Sheep erythrocytes were stabilised with glutaraldehyde tanned and fixed with formalin in the indirect hemagglutination test ihagf and sensitised with hydatid antigen for the diagnosis of human. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 378k, or click on a page image below to browse an indirect hemagglutination test for hydatid disease. Though bentonite clay can be used as particles for the indirect agglutination test, in more modern times it has been more common to employ synthetic carriers, i. Larval infection hydatid disease, hydatidosis is caused mainly by echinococcus granulosus 3. When rbcs are coated with antigen to detect antibodies in the serum, the test is called indirect hemagglutination iha test. Of the 78 patients 37% had all three tests positive and 11. Serum antigen and antibody detection in echinococcosis. Pmc free article garabedian ga, matossian rm, djanian ay. Diagnosis of echinococcosis hydatidosis using dotelisa. Casonis intradermal test and weinberg complement fixation test were not routinely used because of their high rates of false positive results 14. Pdf evaluation of stabilised cells in the indirect.
Immunological diagnosis of human hydatid cyst relapse. A echinococcus, an indirect hemagglutination assay, for the quantitative determination of antiechinococcus granulosus antibodies in the serum. This study was undertaken to evaluate the specificity of the indirect hemagglutination iha test in the differential diagnosis of amebiasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Indirect hemagglutination and elisa tests were positive for the presence of specific hydatid antibodies in four patients but casonis test was positive in only two patients. Seroprevalence of cystic echinococcosis in a highrisk. When compared to the indirect hemagglutination test and to counter immunoelectrophoresis using an arc 5 antigen, minimal crossreactions were observed in sera of patients with a presumptive diagnosis of hydatidosis but none were observed in those harbouring intestinal helminths, schistosomes or filarial parasites. Hydatid disease, hydatid cyst, hydatid antigen, iha, elisa, hydatid antigen, b. Hydatid cyct disease with extra hepatic localizations. Sera from 511 patients with inflammatory bowel disease were tested by the iha and 6 1% were positive. Serologic evidence of the postoperative persistence of. Indirect hemagglutination test iha is the most commonly used test in hospitals in the diagnosis of hydatid cyst in humans. Twenty eight suspected cases of hydatid disease were subjected to casoni intradermal test using commercially available antigen span diagnostics, india after collecting pre test serum samples.
Early igm antibody responses appear by 1 month following infection and peak at 3 to 4 months, whereas igg increases by 6 weeks and. Indirect hemagglutination test definition of indirect. Evaluation of two elisa and two indirect hemagglutination tests for serodiagnosis of pulmonary hydatid disease. Note that this test has been replaced by newer serological tests of higher sensitivity and specificity, such as the indirect hemagglutination test. Iep is regarded as an highly specific test, but cross. Indirect hemagglutination test iha is commonly used laboratory test in patients with suspected hydatid disease, but sensitivity of this test is limited, particularly in pulmonary hydatid disease 2. These tests have included bentonite flocculation, complementfixation cf and indirect haemagglutination hai this bulletin, 1959, v.
In suspected cases of hydatid disease, serological tests such as indirect hemagglutination and indirect immunofluorescence may be helpful. Hemagglutination assay analysis of the following hemagglutination assay demonstrates titer determination. The indirect hemagglutination test for amebiasis in patients. Evaluation of two elisa and two indirect hemagglutination tests for serodiagnosis of pulmonary hydatid disease article in the korean journal of parasitology 474. Diagnosis of hydatid disease is done using imaging techniques, examination of the cyst fluid and serological tests. Because allergic phenomena may interfere with skin tests, there has been a search recently for new serological methods to aid in the diagnosis of hydatid disease. Soluble scolex antigen ssa wasprepared after the disrup. A standardized indirect haemagglutination test with block titration of the antigen was used to study some of the properties of the antigen present in hydatid cyst fluid and in fractions prepared from cyst fluids. Ultrasonography andor ct scan are used in follow up at the same intervals as the laboratory tests or as clinically indicated. For what conditions is indirect slide agglutination tests used to diagnose. Rbcs are used as carrier particles in hemagglutination tests. Furthermore, it is easier to run than the complement fixation test.
Us, ultrasonography introduction hydatid disease is endemic in most parts of iran and is hyper endemic in some areas. Each has been shown to give various proportions of. Comparative evaluation of enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. There are several serological tests used to diagnose hydatid disease. The results of the limited number of determinations indicate that indirect haemagglutination is a more sensitive and more specific serologic diagnostic procedure for hydatid disease than is complement fixation. Serologic diagnosis of hydatid disease by indirect hemagglutination. Whole scolices 20 to 25 scolices, both orthoand matascolices in 0. The author has made an intensive study of the last test. Pdf introduction of an indirect haemagglutination test as a rapid. Reliable serodiagnosis of imported cystic echinococcosis with a commercial indirect hemagglutination assay. Glutaraldehyde fixedantigen sensitized stable cells in.
An indirect hemagglutination test for hydatid disease. Franklyn garry, in rebhuns diseases of dairy cattle second edition, 2008. Double aldehyde stabilisation of erythrocytes in the indirect hemagglutination for echinococcosis. An indirect haemagglutination test ihat for trichinosis using melchers antigen was evaluated and compared with a precipitin test pt and a bentonite flocculation test bft. Serologic test for echinococcus granulosus indirect hemagglutination test was negative and chest xray was normal. Full text get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 378k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Sheep erythrocytes were stabilised with glutaraldehyde tanned and fixed with formalin in the indirect hemagglutination test ihagf and sensitised with hydatid antigen for the diagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis ce. A rapid indirect haemagglutination test for the diagnosis. Indirect hemagglutination test for diagnosis of trichinosis. Examination of atypical located hydatid cyst disease. An enzymelinked immunosorbent assay using an arc 5 antigen. The reaction is strongly positive in the wells 1 to. Hydatid cysts from sheep liver and lung, cattle liver and lung. Serodiagnosis of hydatid disease for hydatid disease.
Cassonis intradermal test, counter immuneelectrophoresis, double diffusion test and indirect hemagglutination test are used for diagnosis. Hd is endemic in many countries of the middle east, including jordan. Celiksozthe role of casonis skin test and indirect haemagglutination test in the diagnosis of hydatid disease. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 378k, or click on a page image below to browse. The role of casonis skin test and haemagglutination test in. The sensitivity of the haemagglutination, complementfixation and indirect fluorescent antibody tests in the diagnosis of primary and recurrent hydatid disease is presented. This paper describes a rapid indirect haemagglutination test for the diagnosis of hydatid disease, based on a test described by garabedian et al. Glutaraldehyde fixed and antigen sensitized sheep red cells have been used in this laboratory success fully for various serological tests for approximately two years. The intent of this report is to describe a modified indirect hemagglutination test iha, for rapid and reproducible serological test for hydatid disease, trichinosis and amoebiasis. Calcified echinococcus hydatid cyst of the spleen jama.
A correlative study of immunological tests for the diagnosis of hydatid disease. In the first, diagnostic titres were obtained in 90% of 50 patients with hepatic and 64%, 60%. Multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance. It is not endemic in the united states, but the change in the immigration patterns and the marked increase in transcontinental transportation over the past 4 decades have caused a rise in the profile of this previously unusual disease throughout north america. Details of the preparation of the antigen are given and of its use in a series of tests. Combined role of casoni test and indirect haemagglutination. Dec 26, 2015 dec 1, 2009 get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 378k, or click on a page image below to browse an indirect hemagglutination test for. Wells 14 and 15 are weak reactions considered negative. Early igm antibody responses appear by 1 month following infection and peak at 3 to 4 months, whereas igg increases by 6 weeks and peaks by 3 months. A combination of two or three tests, such as immunoelectrophoresis and double diffusion, indirect immunofluorescence, indirect hemagglutination and latex agglutination, may be necessary to obtain reliable results chemtai et ai, 1981.
Glutaraldehyde fixed antigen sensitized stable cells in indirect hemagglutination test for rapid diagnosis of hydatid disease, trichinosis and amebiasis. The hydatid cyst disease is a zoonotic infection caused by echinococcus. To study the combined role of casoni test and indirect haemagglutination iha test in the diagnosis of hydatid disease. Five were positive at low levels of titers, whereas the sixth specimen had a strong positive reaction. Instead of tannic acid, the present authors use chromic acid to couple the antigen to the red blood cells. The basis of the hai assay is that antibodies to that particular virus for example. The highest proportion of positive results was obtained with the indirect haemagglutination test in hydatid cyst of the liver, and with the intradermal test in hydatid cyst of the lung. Hydatid disease hd is a zoonotic disease of humans and animals which is caused by infection with the larval stages of the taeniid cestodes of the genus echinococcus. The role of casonis skin test and haemagglutination test.
Although indirect hemagglutination, elisa, and agid tests are available for serologic testing of antibody levels against the parasite, these tests are largely limited to specialized laboratories. Hemagglutination uses erythrocytes as the biological carriers of bacterial antigens, and purified polysaccharides or proteins for determining. Comparative sensitivity of six serological tests and. He did not have a history of feeding dogs, and no people in his family had known hydatid disease. Hydatid disease hd, or cystic echinococcosis ce, is a worldwide zoonotic disease which is caused by infection with the larval stage of the cestode tapeworms of the species echinococcus granulosus moro and schantz, 2009. Antibody detection by indirect elisa, using antigen b, showed that 94. The age of the patients ranged from 10 to 67 years with an average. Prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in humans in erzincan. Slide haemagglutination test in hydatid disease journal of clinical. This article has been cited by other articles in pmc. Author links open overlay panel todor todorov a kamenna vutova a pencho vachkov a violina boeva a.
The animal host or organ source of fertile cyst fluids is, with 2 unexplainable exceptions, without effect on the test. Comparative evaluation of enzymelinked immunosorbent. Indirect hemagglutination test hydatid disease pdf. All cases were verified by histopathologic examination, except 2 with high serologic titers of indirect hemagglutination tests.
Using wb, 10 cases of ihanegative were found to be positive. It is rapid, easytouse and easytoread with results available within 2 hours and reliable overnight. Hydatid disease affects over 1 million people globally higuita et al. Double aldehyde stabilisation of erythrocytes in the indirect. Double aldehyde stabilisation of erythrocytes in the. In hemagglutination or hemagglutination inhibition assay, hia, or passive hemagglutination assay, pha, rbcs generally sheep, which have been coated or coupled with antigen thus called sensitized rbcs, are incubated with antibody and sample. A echinococcus enables the quantitative determination, by indirect hemagglutination, of serum antibodies present in patients suffering from hydatidosis echinococcus granulosus. Of the 16 serum samples collected from hydatid disease patients positive results were obtained in 81. The test was performed in parallel with the indirect haemagglutination test on 31 sera from surgicallyconfirmed cases of hydatid disease and on 45 sera from healthy blood donors. The indirect hemagglutination test in the diagnosis of. The role of casonis skin test and haemagglutination test in the diagnosis of hydatid disease article in parasitology research 975. Giant hydatid lung cysts european journal of cardio.